# StatisticalVariable - Schema.org Type

> Source: https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable
> Extracted: 2026-02-16T22:01:27.571Z

---

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A Schema.org Type

*This term is in the "new" area - implementation feedback and adoption from applications and websites can help improve our definitions.*

[StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable) represents any type of statistical metric that can be measured at a place and time. The usage pattern for [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable) is typically expressed using [Observation](https://schema.org/Observation) with an explicit [populationType](https://schema.org/populationType), which is a type, typically drawn from Schema.org. Each [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable) is marked as a [ConstraintNode](https://schema.org/ConstraintNode), meaning that some properties (those listed using [constraintProperty](https://schema.org/constraintProperty)) serve in this setting solely to define the statistical variable rather than literally describe a specific person, place or thing. For example, a [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable) Median*Height*Person\_Female representing the median height of women, could be written as follows: the population type is [Person](https://schema.org/Person); the measuredProperty [height](https://schema.org/height); the [statType](https://schema.org/statType) [median](https://schema.org/median); the [gender](https://schema.org/gender) [Female](https://schema.org/Female). It is important to note that there are many kinds of scientific quantitative observation which are not fully, perfectly or unambiguously described following this pattern, or with solely Schema.org terminology. The approach taken here is designed to allow partial, incremental or minimal description of [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable)s, and the use of detailed sets of entity and property IDs from external repositories. The [measurementMethod](https://schema.org/measurementMethod), [unitCode](https://schema.org/unitCode) and [unitText](https://schema.org/unitText) properties can also be used to clarify the specific nature and notation of an observed measurement.

Property

Expected Type

Description

Properties from [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable "StatisticalVariable")

`[measuredProperty](https://schema.org/measuredProperty "measuredProperty")`

[Property](https://schema.org/Property "Property")

The measuredProperty of an [Observation](https://schema.org/Observation), typically via its [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable). There are various kinds of applicable [Property](https://schema.org/Property): a schema.org property, a property from other RDF-compatible systems, e.g. W3C RDF Data Cube, Data Commons, Wikidata, or schema.org extensions such as [GS1's](https://www.gs1.org/voc/?show=properties).

`[measurementDenominator](https://schema.org/measurementDenominator "measurementDenominator")`

[StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable "StatisticalVariable")

Identifies the denominator variable when an observation represents a ratio or percentage.

`[measurementMethod](https://schema.org/measurementMethod "measurementMethod")`

[DefinedTerm](https://schema.org/DefinedTerm "DefinedTerm")  or  
[MeasurementMethodEnum](https://schema.org/MeasurementMethodEnum "MeasurementMethodEnum")  or  
[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")  or  
[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

A subproperty of [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique) that can be used for specifying specific methods, in particular via [MeasurementMethodEnum](https://schema.org/MeasurementMethodEnum).

`[measurementQualifier](https://schema.org/measurementQualifier "measurementQualifier")`

[Enumeration](https://schema.org/Enumeration "Enumeration")

Provides additional qualification to an observation. For example, a GDP observation measures the Nominal value.

`[measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique "measurementTechnique")`

[DefinedTerm](https://schema.org/DefinedTerm "DefinedTerm")  or  
[MeasurementMethodEnum](https://schema.org/MeasurementMethodEnum "MeasurementMethodEnum")  or  
[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")  or  
[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

A technique, method or technology used in an [Observation](https://schema.org/Observation), [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable) or [Dataset](https://schema.org/Dataset) (or [DataDownload](https://schema.org/DataDownload), [DataCatalog](https://schema.org/DataCatalog)), corresponding to the method used for measuring the corresponding variable(s) (for datasets, described using [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured); for [Observation](https://schema.org/Observation), a [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable)). Often but not necessarily each [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) will have an explicit representation as (or mapping to) an property such as those defined in Schema.org, or other RDF vocabularies and "knowledge graphs". In that case the subproperty of [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) called [measuredProperty](https://schema.org/measuredProperty) is applicable.

The [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique) property helps when extra clarification is needed about how a [measuredProperty](https://schema.org/measuredProperty) was measured. This is oriented towards scientific and scholarly dataset publication but may have broader applicability; it is not intended as a full representation of measurement, but can often serve as a high level summary for dataset discovery.

For example, if [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) is: molecule concentration, [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique) could be: "mass spectrometry" or "nmr spectroscopy" or "colorimetry" or "immunofluorescence". If the [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) is "depression rating", the [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique) could be "Zung Scale" or "HAM-D" or "Beck Depression Inventory".

If there are several [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) properties recorded for some given data object, use a [PropertyValue](https://schema.org/PropertyValue) for each [variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured) and attach the corresponding [measurementTechnique](https://schema.org/measurementTechnique). The value can also be from an enumeration, organized as a [MeasurementMetholdEnumeration](https://schema.org/MeasurementMetholdEnumeration).

`[populationType](https://schema.org/populationType "populationType")`

[Class](https://schema.org/Class "Class")

Indicates the populationType common to all members of a [StatisticalPopulation](https://schema.org/StatisticalPopulation) or all cases within the scope of a [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable).

`[statType](https://schema.org/statType "statType")`

[Property](https://schema.org/Property "Property")  or  
[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")  or  
[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

Indicates the kind of statistic represented by a [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable), e.g. mean, count etc. The value of statType is a property, either from within Schema.org (e.g. [median](https://schema.org/median), [marginOfError](https://schema.org/marginOfError), [maxValue](https://schema.org/maxValue), [minValue](https://schema.org/minValue)) or from other compatible (e.g. RDF) systems such as DataCommons.org or Wikidata.org.

Properties from [ConstraintNode](https://schema.org/ConstraintNode "ConstraintNode")

`[constraintProperty](https://schema.org/constraintProperty "constraintProperty")`

[Property](https://schema.org/Property "Property")  or  
[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

Indicates a property used as a constraint. For example, in the definition of a [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable). The value is a property, either from within Schema.org or from other compatible (e.g. RDF) systems such as DataCommons.org or Wikidata.org.

`[numConstraints](https://schema.org/numConstraints "numConstraints")`

[Integer](https://schema.org/Integer "Integer")

Indicates the number of constraints property values defined for a particular [ConstraintNode](https://schema.org/ConstraintNode) such as [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable). This helps applications understand if they have access to a sufficiently complete description of a [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable) or other construct that is defined using properties on template-style nodes.

Properties from [Thing](https://schema.org/Thing "Thing")

`[additionalType](https://schema.org/additionalType "additionalType")`

[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")  or  
[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. Typically the value is a URI-identified RDF class, and in this case corresponds to the use of rdf:type in RDF. Text values can be used sparingly, for cases where useful information can be added without their being an appropriate schema to reference. In the case of text values, the class label should follow the schema.org [style guide](https://schema.org/docs/styleguide.html).

`[alternateName](https://schema.org/alternateName "alternateName")`

[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")

An alias for the item.

`[description](https://schema.org/description "description")`

[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")  or  
[TextObject](https://schema.org/TextObject "TextObject")

A description of the item.

`[disambiguatingDescription](https://schema.org/disambiguatingDescription "disambiguatingDescription")`

[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")

A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation.

`[identifier](https://schema.org/identifier "identifier")`

[PropertyValue](https://schema.org/PropertyValue "PropertyValue")  or  
[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")  or  
[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of [Thing](https://schema.org/Thing), such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See [background notes](https://schema.org/docs/datamodel.html#identifierBg) for more details.

`[image](https://schema.org/image "image")`

[ImageObject](https://schema.org/ImageObject "ImageObject")  or  
[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

An image of the item. This can be a [URL](https://schema.org/URL) or a fully described [ImageObject](https://schema.org/ImageObject).

`[mainEntityOfPage](https://schema.org/mainEntityOfPage "mainEntityOfPage")`

[CreativeWork](https://schema.org/CreativeWork "CreativeWork")  or  
[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See [background notes](https://schema.org/docs/datamodel.html#mainEntityBackground) for details.  
Inverse property: [mainEntity](https://schema.org/mainEntity "mainEntity")

`[name](https://schema.org/name "name")`

[Text](https://schema.org/Text "Text")

The name of the item.

`[owner](https://schema.org/owner "owner")`

[Organization](https://schema.org/Organization "Organization")  or  
[Person](https://schema.org/Person "Person")

A person or organization who owns this Thing.  
Inverse property: [owns](https://schema.org/owns "owns")

`[potentialAction](https://schema.org/potentialAction "potentialAction")`

[Action](https://schema.org/Action "Action")

Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role.

`[sameAs](https://schema.org/sameAs "sameAs")`

[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website.

`[subjectOf](https://schema.org/subjectOf "subjectOf")`

[CreativeWork](https://schema.org/CreativeWork "CreativeWork")  or  
[Event](https://schema.org/Event "Event")

A CreativeWork or Event about this Thing.  
Inverse property: [about](https://schema.org/about "about")

`[url](https://schema.org/url "url")`

[URL](https://schema.org/URL "URL")

URL of the item.

Instances of [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable "StatisticalVariable") may appear as a value for the following properties

Property

On Types

Description

[measurementDenominator](https://schema.org/measurementDenominator "measurementDenominator")

[Observation](https://schema.org/Observation "Observation")  or  
[StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable "StatisticalVariable")

Identifies the denominator variable when an observation represents a ratio or percentage.

[variableMeasured](https://schema.org/variableMeasured "variableMeasured")

[Dataset](https://schema.org/Dataset "Dataset")  or  
[Observation](https://schema.org/Observation "Observation")

The variableMeasured property can indicate (repeated as necessary) the variables that are measured in some dataset, either described as text or as pairs of identifier and description using PropertyValue, or more explicitly as a [StatisticalVariable](https://schema.org/StatisticalVariable).

#### Source

[https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/2564](https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/2564)

  

### Examples

Example notes or example HTML without markup.

As an example, the statement "According to the US Census ACS 5 Year Estimates,
the median age of women in San Antonio, Texas in 2014 was 34.4 years." can be
represented in JSON-LD.

Example encoded as [JSON-LD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON-LD) in a HTML script tag.

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@graph": \[
    {
      "@type": "StatisticalVariable",
      "@id": "Median\_Height\_Person\_Female",
      "name": "Median height of women",
      "description": "The median height of the female population.",
      "populationType": {
        "@id": "schema:Person"
      },
      "measuredProperty": {
        "@id": "schema:height"
      },
      "statType": {
        "@id": "schema:median"
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Observation",
      "@id": "Observation\_Median\_Age\_Person\_Female\_SanAntonio\_TX\_2014",
      "name": "Median height of women in San Antonio, Texas in 2014",
      "description": "An Observation of the StatisticalVariable Median\_Height\_Person\_Female in location: San Antonio, Texas, for time period: 2014",
      "variableMeasured": {
        "@id": "Median\_Height\_Person\_Female"
      },
      "observationAbout": {
        "@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q975"
      },
      "observationDate": "2014",
      "value": 160,
      "unitCode": "CMT"
    }
  \]
}
</script>

Structured representation of the JSON-LD example.